Journel Analysis Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Journel Analysis Report - Assignment Example Some of the strategies advocated by the authors include: teachers have to create a supportive and hospitable learning environment for the learners. A welcoming environment is a necessity since most of the learners are in various levels of acculturation. As such, they are still familiarizing themselves with the foreign culture, language and school. Next, teachers in learning institutions should implement effective and tested strategies. For example, interactive teaching strategies are vital for ELLS. In addition to these strategies, the authors argued that incorporating a variety of assessments in the ELLS learning activities is beneficial. These assessments pinpoint the progress and advancement rate of various ELLS. Moreover, challenging lessons that reflect high expectations from ELLS encourage them to learn quickly. A lot of American teachers have a deficit perspective of American English Language Learners. This view discourages the ELLS from excelling in their studies. Lastly, the authors urge the teachers to engage parents of ELLS in their children’s education. By incorporating these strategies, teachers will have an idea or notion of how to work with diverse students, specifically English language learners. First, will teachers attend programs to familiarize themselves with these strategies? This is an appropriate question since teachers would be better equipped to handle ELLS if they attended these programs. The teachers would be guided by experts on how to handle American English Language Learners. As such, they will be in a better position rather than reading these strategies themselves. Secondly, how will the teachers deal with parents who are reluctant in being part of the children’s education? Some parents might not support their children’s education. Therefore, how will FCS teachers handle this situation? Nearly all strategies

A Clean, Well-Lighted Place by Ernest Hemingway Essay Example for Free

A Clean, Well-Lighted Place by Ernest Hemingway Essay An old man sits alone at night in a cafà ©. He is deaf and likes when the night grows still. Two waiters watch the old man carefully because they know he won’t pay if he gets too drunk. One waiter tells the other that the old man tried to kill himself because he was in despair. The other waiter asks why he felt despair, and the first waiter says the reason was â€Å"nothing† because the man has a lot of money. The waiters look at the empty tables and the old man, who sits in the shadow of a tree. They see a couple walk by, a soldier with a girl. One of the waiters says the soldier had better be careful about being out because the guards just went by. The old man taps his glass against its saucer and asks the younger waiter for a brandy. The younger waiter tells him he’ll get drunk, then goes back and tells the older waiter that the old man will stay all night. The younger waiter says he never goes to bed earlier than 3 a.m. and that the old man should have killed himself. He takes the old man his brandy. As he pours it, he tells the old man that he should have killed himself, but the old man just indicates that he wants more brandy in the glass. The younger waiter tells the older waiter that the old man is drunk, then asks again why he tried to kill himself. The older waiter says he doesn’t know. The younger waiter asks how he did it. The older waiter says he tried to hang himself and his niece found him and got him down. The younger waiter asks why she got him down, and the older waiter says they were concerned about his soul. The waiters speculate on how much money the old man has and decide he’s probably age eighty. The younger waiter says he wishes the old man would leave so that he can go home and go to bed with his wife. The older waiter says that the old man was married at one time. The younger waiter says a wife wouldn’t do him any good, but the older waiter disagrees. The younger waiter points out that the old man has his niece, then says he doesn’t want to be an old man. The older waiter points out that the old man is clean and drinks neatly. The younger waiter says again that he wishes the old man would leave. The old man indicates that he wants another brandy, but the younger waiter tells him they’re closing. The old man pays and walks away. The older waiter asks the younger waiter why he didn’t let him drink more because it’s not even 3 a.m. yet, and the younger waiter says he wants to go home. The older waiter says an hour doesn’t make much difference. The younger waiter says that the old man can just drink at home, but the older waiter says it’s different. The younger waiter agrees. The older waiter jokingly asks if the younger waiter is afraid to go home early. The younger waiter says he has confidence. The older waiter points out that he also has youth and a job, whereas the older waiter has only a job. The older waiter says that he likes to stay at cafà ©s very late with the others who are reluctant to go home and who need light during the nighttime. The younger waiter says he wants to go home, and the older waiter remarks that they are very different. The older waiter says he doesn’t like to close the cafà © in case someone needs it. The younger waiter says there are bars to go to, but the older waiter says that the cafà © is clean and well lit. They wish each other good night. The older waiter continues thinking to himself about how important it is for a cafà © to be clean and well lit. He thinks that music is never good to have at a cafà © and that standing at a bar isn’t good either. He wonders what he’s afraid of, deciding it’s not fear but just a familiar nothing. He says two prayers but substitutes â€Å"nada† (Spanish for â€Å"nothing†) for most of the words. When he arrives at a bar, he orders a drink and tells the bartender that the bar isn’t clean. The bartender offers another drink, but the waiter leaves. He doesn’t like bars, preferring cafà ©s. He knows that he will now go home and fall asleep when the sun comes up. He thinks he just has insomnia, a common problem. Character Analysis The Old Man A deaf man who likes to drink at the cafà © late into the night. The old man likes the shadows of the leaves on the well-lit cafà © terrace. Rumor has it that he tried to hang himself, he was once married, he has a lot of money, and his niece takes care of him. He often gets drunk at the cafà © and leaves without paying. The Older Waiter A compassionate man who understands why the old man may want to stay late at the cafà ©. The older waiter enjoys staying late at cafà ©s as well. He thinks it’s very important for a cafà © to be clean and well lit, and he sees the cafà © as a refuge from despair. Rather than admit that he is lonely, he tells himself that he has insomnia. Like the old man, the older waiter likes to stay late at cafà ©s, and he understands on a deep level why they are both reluctant to go home at night. He tries to explain it to the younger waiter by saying, â€Å"He stays up because he likes it,† but the younger waiter dismisses this and says that the old man is lonely. Indeed, both the old man and the older waiter are lonely. The old man lives alone with only a niece to look after him, and we never learn what happened to his wife. He drinks alone late into the night, getting drunk in cafà ©s. The older waiter, too, is lonely. He lives alone and makes a habit of staying out late rather than going home to bed. But there is more to the older waiter’s â€Å"insomnia,† as he calls it, than just loneliness. An unnamed, unspecified malaise seems to grip him. This malaise is not â€Å"a fear or dread,† as the older waiter clarifies to himself, but an overwhelming feeling of nothingness—an existential angst about his place in the universe and an uncertainty about the meaning of life. Whereas other people find meaning and comfort in religion, the older waiter dismisses religion as â€Å"nada†Ã¢â‚¬â€nothing. The older waiter finds solace only in clean, well-lit cafà ©s. There, life seems to make sense. The older waiter recognizes himself in the old man and sees his own future. He stands up for the old man against the younger waiter’s criticisms, pointing out that the old man might benefit from a wife and is clean and neat when he drinks. The older waiter has no real reason to take the old man’s side. In fact, the old man sometimes leaves the cafà © without paying. But the possible reason for his support becomes clear when the younger waiter tells the older waiter that he talks like an old man too. The older waiter is aware that he is not young or confident, and he knows that he may one day be just like the old man—unwanted, alone, and in despair. Ultimately, the older waiter is reluctant to close the cafà © as much for the old man’s sake as for his own because someday he’ll need someone to keep a cafà © open late for him. The Younger Waiter An impatient young man who cares only about getting home to his wife. The younger waiter is usually irritated with the old man because he must stay late and serve him drinks. He does not seem to care why the old man stays so long. His only concern is leaving as quickly as possible. Brash and insensitive, the younger waiter can’t see beyond himself. He readily admits that he isn’t lonely and is eager to return home where his wife is waiting for him. He doesn’t seem to care that others can’t say the same and doesn’t recognize that the cafà © is a refuge for those who are lonely. The younger waiter is immature and says rude things to the old man because he wants to close the cafà © early. He seems unaware that he won’t be young forever or that he may need a place to find solace later in life too. Unlike the older waiter, who thinks deeply—perhaps too deeply—about life and those who struggle to face it, the younger waiter demonstrates a dismissive attitude toward human life in general. For example, he says the old man should have just gone ahead and killed himself and says that he â€Å"wouldn’t want to be that old.† He himself has reason to live, and his whole life is ahead of him. â€Å"You have everything,† the older waiter tells him. The younger waiter, immersed in happiness, doesn’t really understand that he is lucky, and he therefore has little compassion or understanding for those who are lonely and still searching for meaning in their lives. Themes Life as Nothingness In â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place,† Hemingway suggests that life has no meaning and that man is an insignificant speck in a great sea of nothingness. The older waiter makes this idea as clear as he can when he says, â€Å"It was all a nothing and man was a nothing too.† When he substitutes the Spanish word nada (nothing) into the prayers he recites, he indicates that religion, to which many people turn to find meaning and purpose, is also just nothingness. Rather than pray with the actual words, â€Å"Our Father who art in heaven,† the older waiter says, â€Å"Our nada who art in nada†Ã¢â‚¬â€effectively wiping out both God and the idea of heaven in one breath. Not everyone is aware of the nothingness, however. For example, the younger waiter hurtles through his life hastily and happily, unaware of any reason why he should lament. For the old man, the older waiter, and the other people who need late-night cafà ©s, however, th e idea of nothingness is overwhelming and leads to despair. The Struggle to Deal with Despair The old man and older waiter in â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place† struggle to find a way to deal with their despair, but even their best method simply subdues the despair rather than cures it. The old man has tried to stave off despair in several unsuccessful ways. We learn that he has money, but money has not helped. We learn that he was once married, but he no longer has a wife. We also learn that he has unsuccessfully tried to commit suicide in a desperate attempt to quell the despair for good. The only way the old man can deal with his despair now is to sit for hours in a clean, well-lit cafà ©. Deaf, he can feel the quietness of the nighttime and the cafà ©, and although he is essentially in his own private world, sitting by himself in the cafà © is not the same as being alone. The older waiter, in his mocking prayers filled with the word nada, shows that religion is not a viable method of dealing with despair, and his solution is the same as the old man’s: he waits out the nighttime in cafà ©s. He is particular about the type of cafà © he likes: the cafà © must be well lit and clean. Bars and bodegas, although many are open all night, do not lessen despair because they are not clean, and patrons often must stand at the bar rather than sit at a table. The old man and the older waiter also glean solace from routine. The ritualistic cafà ©-sitting and drinking help them deal with despair because it makes life predictable. Routine is something they can control and manage, unlike the vast nothingness that surrounds them. Motif Loneliness Loneliness pervades â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place† and suggests that even though there are many people struggling with despair, everyone must struggle alone. The deaf old man, with no wife and only a niece to care for him, is visibly lonely. The younger waiter, frustrated that the old man won’t go home, defines himself and the old man in opposites: â€Å"He’s lonely. I’m not lonely.† Loneliness, for the younger waiter, is a key difference between them, but he gives no thought to why the old man might be lonely and doesn’t consider the possibility that he may one day be lonely too. The older waiter, although he doesn’t say explicitly that he is lonely, is so similar to the old man in his habit of sitting in cafà ©s late at night that we can assume that he too suffers from loneliness. The older waiter goes home to his room and lies in bed alone; telling himself that he merely suffers from sleeplessness. Even in this claim, however, he instinctively reaches out for company, adding, â€Å"Many must have it.† The thought that he is not alone in having insomnia or being lonely comforts him. Symbols The Cafà © The cafà © represents the opposite of nothingness: its cleanliness and good lighting suggest order and clarity, whereas nothingness is chaotic, confusing, and dark. Because the cafà © is so different from the nothingness the older waiter describes, it serves as a natural refuge from the despair felt by those who are acutely aware of the nothingness. In a clean, brightly lit cafà ©, despair can be controlled and even temporarily forgotten. When the older waiter describes the nothingness that is life, he says, â€Å"It was only that and light was all it needed and a certain cleanness and order.† The light it in the sentence is never defined, but we can speculate about the waiter’s meaning: although life and man are nothing, light, cleanliness, and order can serve as substance. They can help stave off the despair that comes from feeling completely unanchored to anyone or anything. As long as a clean, well-lighted cafà © exists, despair can be kept i n check.

Draw Model For Network Security Computer Science Essay

Draw Model For Network Security Computer Science Essay SENDER: Sender transfer message to other party through some sort of internet. RECEIVER: Receiver receives message send by sender through some sort of internet. Trusted third party: trusted third party is needed o secure the message transmits from one party to another. Third party distributes secret information to both the parties. Third party actually provides authenticity of message transmission. Opponent: An opponent can be a human or a virus that can harm the transmitted message going through some sort of internet. Secure message: It is a message to which a secret key is applied which is not in readable by opponent. Secret information: Secret information is a key applied to message. Ques2:Why is polyalphabetic substitution superior to monoalphatic substitution. Ans: Polyalphabetic ciphers use multiple substitution alphabetic. A monoalphabetic substitution replaces each letter with another letter according to cipher alphabet. Polyalphabetic substitution is superior than monoalphabetic because polyalphabetic substitutions are apparently more secure than monoalphabetic substitution, because frequency distribution reflects the distribution of the underlying alphabet . Ques3:Why are conventional encryption /decryption method not suitable for bank. Ans: Conventional encryption/decryption method is not suitable for bank because it is less secure. If conventional encryption/decryption is using, then the limitation is that the keys must be shared between participants before decryption can occur. If an asymmetric cipher is used instead, only public keys need to be shared private keys do not need to be share. Symmetric encryption is the oldest and best-known technique. A secret key, which can be a number, a word, or just a string of random letters, is applied to the text of a message to change the content in a particular way. This might be as simple as shifting each letter by a number of places in the alphabet. As long as both sender and recipient know the secret key, they can encrypt and decrypt all messages that use this key. Asymmetric Encryption: The problem with secret keys is exchanging them over the Internet or a large network while preventing them from falling into the wrong hands. Anyone who knows the secret key can decrypt the message. One answer is asymmetric encryption, in which there are two related keysa key pair. A public key is made freely available to anyone who might want to send you a message. A second, private key is kept secret, so that only you know it.Any message that are encrypted by using the public key can only be decrypted by applying the same algorithm, but by using the matching private key. Any message that is encrypted by using the private key can only be decrypted by using the matching public key. This means that you do not have to worry about passing public keys over the Internet . A problem with asymmetric encryption, however, is that it is slower than symmetric encryption. It requires far more processing power to both encrypt and decrypt the content of the message. Ques4:Define types of attack based on what is known to attacker. Ans: The following are the cryptographic attacks usually performed by an attacker: Known plaintext attack:  In a known plaintext attack, an attacker should have both the plaintext and ciphertext of one or more messages. These two items are used to extract the cryptographic key and recover the encrypted text. Ciphertext only attack:  In this attack, an attacker obtains encrypted messages that have been encrypted using the same encryption algorithm. For example, the original version of WEP used RC4, and if sniffed long enough, the repetitions would allow a hacker to extract the WEP key. Such types of attacks do not require the attacker to have the plaintext because the statistical analysis of the sniffed log is enough. Man-in-the-middle attack:  In this form of attack, an attacker places himself in the middle of the communications flow between two parties. Once an attacker enters the communications flow, he is able to perform a  ciphertext only attack, exchange bogus keys, etc. Replay attack:  In this type of attack, an attacker tries to repeat or delay a cryptographic transmission. A replay attack can be prevented using session tokens. Chosen plaintext attack:  In a chosen plaintext attack, an attacker somehow picks up the information to be encrypted and takes a copy of it with the encrypted data. This is used to find patterns in the cryptographic output that might uncover a vulnerability or reveal a cryptographic key. Chosen ciphertext attack:  In this type of attack, an attacker can choose the ciphertext to be decrypted and can then analyze the plaintext output of the event. The early versions of RSA used in SSL were actually vulnerable to this attack. 1:Cipher text only attack Given cipher encrypted with same key C1=Ek (p1) ,C2=Ek(p2) Attackers find key. 2:Known plain text attack Plain text is corresponding to the cipher text. Eg: P1,C1=Ek(P1) P2,C2=Ek(P2) 3:Chosen plain text attack Plain text can be chosen that gets encrypted. 4:Adaptive chosen plain text attack Can modify the plain text choice depending on results of previous encryption. 5 :Chosen cipher text attack Can choose different cipher texts to be decrypted. Ques6:Encrypt the following plaintext by playfair substitution wearediscoveredsaveyourself Ans:Playfair is a multi-letter encryption which treats diagrams in the plaintext as a single units and translates these units into ciphertext diagrams. The Playfair algo is based on use of 5*5 matrix of letters constructed using a key. Choosen key is WONDERS W O N D E R S. A B C F G H I/J K L M P Q T U V X Y Z The matrix is constructed by filling in the letters of the keyword WONDERS from left to right and top to bottom and then filling in the remainder of the matrix with the remaining letters in alphabetic order. The letters I and J count as one letter. Rules will be : 1:Repeating plaintext letters that are in same pair are separated with a filler letter . 2: Two plaintext letters that fall in the same of matrix are each replaced by the letter to the right circularly . 3:Two plaintext letters that fall in the same column are each replaced by the letter beneath to it. 4:Otherwise ,each plaintext letter in a pair is replaced by the letter that lies in its own row and the column occupied by the plaintext letter. Given string is WEAREDISCOVEREDSAVE YOURSELF Playfair substitution is OWBSWEHGABEBCGKNASXDZWFCOULgtttttttttfygjhvhghjqqQQCh

Representation of Society in Euripides Medea Essay -- Euripides Medea

Representation of Society in Euripides' Medea During the time of Euripides, approximately the second half of the fifth century B.C., it was a period of immense cultural crisis and political convulsion (Arrowsmith 350). Euripides, like many other of his contemporaries, used the whole machinery of the theater as a way of thinking about their world (Arrowsmith 349). His interest in particular was the analysis of culture and relationship between culture and the individual. Euripides used his characters as a function to shape the ideas of the play (Arrowsmith 359). In Medea, there was not a "traditional" hero, but a fragmentation between the two paired major characters, which is characteristic of Euripides' work (Arrowsmith 356). Jason and Medea, the initial lovers of the play, were antagonists by the play's end. Euripides sought to take the wholeness of the old "hero" and represent him divisively, thus diffused over several characters. Since Euripides chooses that his characters represent ideas, the paired antagonist Jason and Medea both represent the warlike modes of a divided c... Representation of Society in Euripides' Medea Essay -- Euripides Medea Representation of Society in Euripides' Medea During the time of Euripides, approximately the second half of the fifth century B.C., it was a period of immense cultural crisis and political convulsion (Arrowsmith 350). Euripides, like many other of his contemporaries, used the whole machinery of the theater as a way of thinking about their world (Arrowsmith 349). His interest in particular was the analysis of culture and relationship between culture and the individual. Euripides used his characters as a function to shape the ideas of the play (Arrowsmith 359). In Medea, there was not a "traditional" hero, but a fragmentation between the two paired major characters, which is characteristic of Euripides' work (Arrowsmith 356). Jason and Medea, the initial lovers of the play, were antagonists by the play's end. Euripides sought to take the wholeness of the old "hero" and represent him divisively, thus diffused over several characters. Since Euripides chooses that his characters represent ideas, the paired antagonist Jason and Medea both represent the warlike modes of a divided c...

An Era of Smart Phones and Dumb People

An Era of Smart Phones and Dumb People You spot them immediately. They're gathered around the swing set Eke moths to an open flame; not talking, Just looking down at what's In their small hands. There's around four of them, appearing to be first graders or so, testing away twice as fast as you ever could, completely oblivious to everything around them. Pausing for a second, you stop to wonder, â€Å"Whatever happened to actually using the swing set? † Technology is like a fine wine; as it matures and ages, it becomes better and better, making it appeal to large crowds of people.Yet what happens If one has too much wine? They become drunk. Just like an alcoholic, the next generation appears as if they are addicted to this modern technology, and that is not be such a good thing as people think It Is. The kids seem to be gradually losing one of the most delicate and treasured things on this planet: human Interaction. For example, let me pose a simple question, when was the last t ime you have a game night with your family, or any other time that was solely devoted to your nearest and dearest? Some will answer years while others, mere days.Twenty-first century based females tend to go to their own sections of the house with an electronic of their choice, whether that may be a Kindle, phone, Pod, Tablet, you name it, instead of hanging out with their family. Young children observe this and brand It as the norm. Well, why shouldn't they? Aren't we the ones at blame for this? The ones they look to in order to know how to interact, to act with others? Look at the older population, the elderly, in your community; they will smile at you through car windows while parked at red lights or ask you how you're doing while o'er both standing In the grocery line at your local supermarket.Sadly, this seems to be a rare thing to stumble across these days in all of us young people. Back when I was a kid, If I wanted to play a game I would go find my brother and we would have to make one up ourselves. That's right; we had to use our imaginations, just like our dear friend Sponge taught us to. But now, with Inventions such as the Leaped and Manitoba, instead of making up their own games, children have the ability to download over three hundred and twenty-five APS with a push of a button.Along with these APS, as if they weren't already enough, the youngsters can record videos, take pictures with the two cameras available, listen to music, and access an internet made just for them. At their age, I had sidewalk chalk and a stinking Jump rope for crying out loud. Yet why would they choose such simple, ordinary things when they have hours of guaranteed entertainment right at their little fingertips, within those many APS? Snatching away. Ah yes, now I've remembered.You know all those outdoor toy commercials that make kids want to explore the great outside? Me neither. Outside: The brilliant archenemy of the indoors. It's a place to be loud, rambunctious, and l east of all quiet. In a nutshell, it's a child's heaven on Earth, or should be. But instead of actually going outdoors to play, kids tend to stay inside claiming it's too hot, too cold, too windy, too†¦ Too anything really. So instead they sit on the couch watching mindless television shows while withering away into nothing more or less than lazy, couch potatoes.If the patterns keep up we may eventually all turn into mild forms of the characters in the beloved movie Wall-E: grotesquely fat, genealogy obsessed humans, who don't know how to live without an electronic in one hand and a remote in another. This sickens and saddens me all at once. Now, am I declaring that all technology is bad and it should be banished from Earth never to be spoken of or seen again? That we should Just absentmindedly convert back to the ways our ancestors and live without modern conveniences? Of course I'm not!I'm merely asking you to take a step back and look at how much technology you use on a dail y basis, even if it's Just making a call on your cell phone r turning on the TV to unwind after a long day at work. I simply don't want a world where the next generation becomes engulfed and overwhelmed by the sheer amount of technology being shoved down their throats as soon as they are able to walk and talk. The relationships we construct with others should be cherished and preserved by interacting with each other face-to-face every rather than Just testing each other. I'm asking you to get off the couch and be social.Go to Struck with a few friends, go shopping with them, or maybe even volunteer and meet new people. Find the balance in your life; don't let technology control it. The same goes for your children, sure you can give them a Nintendo or a Tablet, but remember to shoo them outside every once in a while to play. A child's imagination or anyone's really, can't be replaced with APS and computers, it's Just impossible. They can be compressed, though, if they don't have a ch ance to grow. A close friend once told me, â€Å"We are living in the era of smart phones and dumb people,† and if you think about it enough, we are. We really, truly are.

Private School Application Deadlines

Private School Application Deadlines Attending private school requires a formal application, a process that can actually take months to complete. Heres an application process timeline that takes you through all the components of applying to private school. Its important to remember that this is a guideline, and you always need to work directly with the schools youre applying to in order to make sure that your application is complete and submitted on time.   July/August The summer is a great time to start researching private schools and deciding where you want to apply. If youre uncertain about the type of school you want to attend, start by considering day schools or boarding schools. Consider whether you want to stay close to home. Knowing the answer will set you off on a great start for applying. If youre focusing on day schools, you are going to have a more limited selection of schools to apply to than if youre launching a nation-wide (or even global) search for a boarding school. Using a handy Private School Spreadsheet, like this one, can help you organize your search.   September This is a great time to begin inquiring at the schools youre interested in. Submitting an inquiry, most often done online, is a great way to get additional information on schools and start talking to an admission officer. Dont worry- inquiring doesnt mean you have to apply. This is your chance to learn more and decide if the schools on your list are the right fit for you.   This is also a good time to start thinking about the standardized tests that  may be required for applying to private schools, such as the SSAT. You need to book your testing date in advance of the admission deadlines, so it is a great idea to book it now so you dont forget, even if you arent going to take it for another month or two. If possible, schedule the test for October or November rather than waiting until closer to the application deadlines. That way, if you dont do as well as you had hoped when you take the test the first time, booking it early means you have enough time to take it again before the winter deadlines.   October This month is typically when schools start offering Open House events, which can give you a chance to visit the school, sit in on classes, and more. Open  Houses give a glimpse into daily life at the school. If you cant make an Open House, book a private visit to the school during which youll likely receive a campus tour, often led by a student, and meet with an admission officer to conduct your admissions interview. Before you go to your campus tour and interview, be sure to prepare and think about the first impression youre going to make on the school. Its important to be prepared to answer questions and ask them during your interview.   If you didnt already book the SSAT, be sure to do so now before you forget.   As youre talking to the schools youre considering, ask if they offer rolling admission or have strict application deadlines, and see if they accept the standard application. Not all schools accept these general applications, so its important to know in advance if youre going to need to complete multiple forms to apply.   November November is a great month to really start working on your official application. Theres a questionnaire for students to complete, an essay you need to write, a portion for parents to fill out, transcript requests, and teacher recommendations. Be sure to ask your school and your teachers in advance for their portions of the application and give them plenty of time to complete them.   The student application and admission essay are both a great opportunity for you to showcase your writing skills and to show why youre a great candidate for the school. Make sure you take your time and work hard on these portions.   Parents also need to spend time on their sections, and be sure to include detail in their answers.   December This is the time of year that private schools start getting really busy with applications, so getting yours in early can ease some of your worry as deadlines start looming. As you start wrapping up the year, its also time to think about whether you will be applying for  financial aid. Some schools even have application deadlines in December, so make sure youre clear on what the schools require and when. This is typically your last chance to book an appointment for a visit and interview before the deadlines. Be sure to do so before the winter break. January/February Most private schools, especially independent schools (whats the difference? find out), have application deadlines in either January or February. That means all components of your application, including any financial aid applications, need to be complete. Financial aid is limited, and applicants in the first round of admission decisions are more likely to receive funding than those families who wait to apply. Even if youre not sure if you qualify, you can still complete the application. Make sure to follow up with the school, either by phone call or by logging into your online admission portal, to check that all components of your application are complete, including any fees that need to be paid.   March This is the month when first-round applicants who made the January or February deadlines can expect to receive their admission decisions. A common date for notifications from independent schools in March 10, and students can often log into an online portal to receive a decision instantly rather than having to wait for something to come in the mail. Typically students will be accepted, denied admission, or waitlisted when they hear back. If you dont hear back, follow up with the school quickly to see if there was an issue with your application or if something got lost in the mail.    April Private schools typically allow families a month to consider their options - many students apply to several schools, and if they are lucky enough to be accepted at more than one school, they may need to compare schools and decide where to enroll. April 10 is a fairly standard deadline for independent schools to require families to enroll or decline offers of admission, but be sure to check with your admission office to find out for certain. If you are accepted to a school and are trying to make your decision on where to go, you may discover that schools are inviting you to an event known as Revisit Day or Welcome Day. This is another chance to return to the school and get an idea of what life is like there to help you make your decision on whether or not you can see yourself that the school.   Students who received waitlisted notifications in March may start hearing back from schools as early as April as to whether or not any spaces have opened up as a result of other candidates deciding to decline offers of admission in favor of another school. Note that all students who were waitlisted will hear back in April; some waitlists can extend into the summer even. Whether you are accepted or waitlisted, as soon as you decide to enroll at one school, its crucial that you notify the others of your decision not to attend. May By now, hopefully, you have chosen your school and completed your enrollment agreement. Congratulations! Revisit Days can also take place in May, so dont worry if there wasnt one in April. Depending on the school, May can be a quiet month for newly enrolled students, as its the end of the year for current students. With graduation ceremonies, award events, and end of year festivities, schools can be rather busy. However, some schools will start sending you information about the coming year and the forms youll need to complete over the summer.   June/July Over the summer, you typically will receive a number of forms to complete, including health forms, class selections, dorm surveys (if youre going to a boarding school), and more. Make sure to pay attention to the dates and deadlines, as some forms are required by law in order for you to start school in the fall. Showing up without them can be a major problem. Dont wait until the last minute. Youll likely also have summer reading and potentially worksheets and other assignments to complete for classes. There may also be a list of supplies you need, including technology and books, so make sure to get your back to school shopping done early. If youre heading to boarding school, its important to not only pay attention to what you need to bring, but also what you shouldnt bring to boarding school.   August Its time to finish up your summer assignments and back to school shopping, because many private schools start pre-season practices for students playing varsity sports in August, and some schools event start classes in August.